كيمياء عضوية 2 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II

The course discusses the structure of benzene, aromaticity and Huckel’s rule; gives examples of arenes and outlines nomenclature; examines electrophilic aromatic substition and discusses mechanism of nitration, halogenation, sulphonation and Friedel-Craffs alkylation and acylation; discusses effects of substituents on reactivity and orientation in electrophilic aromatic substtution, including the pattern of orientation and electrical effect; makes a survey of aromatic compounds, their methods of synthesis and chemical properties/reactions covering alkylbenzenes and aromatic hydroxy, carbonyl, amino, carboxyl, cyano, nitro and halogeno compounds; discusses formation and reactions of aromatic diazonium salts and points out value of diazo coupling in synthesis; discusses and gives examples of nucleophilic aromatic substitution and substitution via benzynes; polynuclear aromatics and carbohydrates chemistry. Practical part: Lassaigne sodium fusion test, carbohydrate chemistry, preparation of different types of organic compounds dyes as 1-phenyazo-2-naphthol, benzamide, glucose pentacetate synthesis, polymers such as phenol formaldehyde resin, preparation of soap, extraction of some natural products from plants as caffeine.